Grammar JLPT Level N4 - Lesson 24
Structure of し (Reasons):
Verb (A) + し + (Verb (B) + し)
[い]Adjective (A) + し + ([い]Adjective (B) + し)
[な]Adjective (A) + だ + し + ([な]Adjective (B) + だ + し)
Noun (A) + だ + し + (Noun (B) + だ + し)
Details about し (Reasons):
Like て, し is a conjunction particle. This means that it is used for linking the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence, and describing that link in some way. The 'description' that し will highlight is 'reasons'. Regularly it is translated simply as 'and'.
し may be connected to the end of almost any word, but will require a だ before it when it comes after nouns or な-Adjectives. し will follow every 'reason' that is being listed in a sentence. However, the last し may be replaced with から or ので, before the 'result' is stated.
し may be connected to the end of almost any word, but will require a だ before it when it comes after nouns or な-Adjectives. し will follow every 'reason' that is being listed in a sentence. However, the last し may be replaced with から or ので, before the 'result' is stated.
- 彼女はピアノが弾けるし、スポーツができるし、彼女に出来ないことはないと思う。She can play the piano and she can do sports. I think there isn't anything she can't do.
- このレストランは高いし、まずいし、何もいいところがない。This restaurant is expensive and doesn't taste good. There are no good parts.
- 彼は真面目だし、親切だし、彼と友達でよかった。He is serious and nice. I am glad that he is my friend.
- 今日は休みだし、晴れだし、今日は公園に行こう。Today is my day off, and it's sunny, so let's go to the park.
- 昨日は雨が降ってたし、おばあちゃんも亡くなったし、悲しいな。It was raining yesterday and my grandmother also passed away, so I'm sad. (Unnatural Japanese, as the level of sadness between losing your grandmother, and it being a rainy day would be completely different)
し (Reasons)
Usage Notes for し (Reasons):
Synonyms for し (Reasons):
とか~とか
Among other things, For example, Such as
上に
As well, Besides, In addition to
から
Because, Since
ので
Because, So, Since, The reason being
Verb[て] + B
And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, Conjunctive
Adjective + て + B
And..., Both and (Conjunctive)
Example of し (Reasons)
彼は掃除ができるし、料理も作れるし、結婚してよかった。
He can clean and cook. I am glad that I married him.
この赤が可愛いし、デザインがいいし、この帽子を買いたい。
This red is cute and the design is good. I want to buy this hat!
彼女は親切だし、綺麗だし、本当に大好き。
She is kind and beautiful. I really love her.
この近所は治安がいいし、スーパーが近いし、人が優しいからここに住んでみたい。
This neighborhood is safe and the store is close and the people are nice, so I wouldn't mind living here.
僕は全然やりたくないし、やることが多すぎるし、諦めようと思っています。
I have absolutely no desire to do it and there are too many things to do, (so) I am thinking about giving up.
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