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Grammar JLPT Level N3 - Lesson 15

Structure of しかない:

Verb + しかない

Details about しかない:

しかない is a commonly used expression in Japanese that is partnered with verbs. It is a combination of しか, the adverbial particle, and the い-Adjective ない. This structure may be translated as 'to have no choice but (A)', or 'there is only (A)'. しかない regularly emphasizes the point that nothing apart from (A) is possible.
To use しかない, simply attach it directly to the non-past form of whichever verb you would like to highlight as being the 'only' possible action.
  • こうなったら警察(けいさつ)()しかない
    If it's come to this, there is no choice but to call the police.
  • もう電車(でんしゃ)()ないから(くるま)()しかない
    Since trains won't be coming anymore, there is no choice but to go by car.
Unlike だけ, which implies that one particular option was chosen (out of several), しか always insinuates that (A) is the only option, and therefore will sound much stronger than だけ. Also, as only one option exists, it will often be assumed by the listener that some particular circumstances resulted in (A) being all that can be done.
  • この時間帯(じかんたい)はピザハット以外(いがい)どこも()いていないね。こうなったらピザ(たの)しかないね。
    At this hour, nowhere is open other than Pizza Hut. Now that it's come to it, there is no choice but to order some pizza, right?
  • 今月(こんげつ)(やす)ないから、コンサート()我慢(がまん)するしかない
    I can't take a day off this month, so I have no choice but to resist going to the concert.
しかない

Usage Notes for しかない:

Synonyms for しかない:

しか~ない
There's only, Nothing but
よりしかたがない
There is no choice but, Can't be helped, Inevitable
よりほかない
To have no choice but, No other way than, Have to
ざるを得ない
Can't help doing, Have no choice but

Example of しかない

(むか)えに()てもらえないので、(ある)いて(かえ)しかない

(They) won't come pick us up so we have no choice but to walk home.

(ひと)(おお)から、(なら)しかない

Because there are a lot of people, we have no choice but to line up.

()みに()しかない。だって、(わたし)誕生日(たんじょうび)だから

We have no choice but to go drinking. Why? Because it's my birthday.

(とき)()のを()しかないです

You have no choice but to wait for the time to come.

こんなにうまくいかないかなあ… もう(わら)しかない

To think that it would go this poorly... I have no choice but to laugh!

Grammar same lesson

さ (Casual よ)

Casual よ
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さ (Filler)

Like, You know, You see, Listen, Uhh
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そこで

Accordingly, Now, Therefore, To that end
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ままに (As Is)

As is, While remaining, Left in a state
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とすると

If it were the case that, Assuming that...
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