BackGrammar JLPT Level N3 - Lesson 3
Structure of による:
Noun + によって
Noun + により
Details about による:
によって, による, and により are all different versions of the same expression, that can basically be translated as 'according to (A)', or 'depending on (A)'. This uses the same よる as seen in the grammar pattern によると. They will be used in the following way:
によって - Generally used before a comma (although not always). Acts as the separation point between the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence. Made up of the case marking particle に, and the う - Verb よる in its て form.
による - Generally used at the end of a sentence, to highlight that the previous statement depends on (A).
により - Almost always used before a comma. Acts as the separation point between the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence. Made up of the case marking particle に, and the う - Verb よる in its conjunctive form.
To use any of these constructions, attach them to the end of a noun that you want to express as being the 'dependent' thing.
によって - Generally used before a comma (although not always). Acts as the separation point between the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence. Made up of the case marking particle に, and the う - Verb よる in its て form.
による - Generally used at the end of a sentence, to highlight that the previous statement depends on (A).
により - Almost always used before a comma. Acts as the separation point between the (A) and (B) parts of a sentence. Made up of the case marking particle に, and the う - Verb よる in its conjunctive form.
To use any of these constructions, attach them to the end of a noun that you want to express as being the 'dependent' thing.
- 地域によって、ゴミ出しルールが違う。Depending on the area, the rules for throwing out garbage are different.
- 行けるか行けないかは休みが取れるか取れないかによる。Whether I can go or not depends on if I can take a day off.
- ベンおじさんは強盗により、命を奪われた。Uncle Ben's life was taken by a robber.
による
Usage Notes for による:
による may also sometimes be followed by a noun. In these cases, it will become a verb modified noun, and highlight that (B) resulted from (A).
- このミスはヒューマンエラーによるものです。This mistake is caused by human error.
- この地震による津波の心配はありません。There is no need to worry about a tsunami brought about from this earthquake.
Synonyms for による:
ために
Due to, Because of, As a result of
によると・によれば
According to
次第
As soon as
〜かは〜によって違う
Depends on, Changes depending on, Differ depending on
Example of による
アメリカでは州によって法律が違う。
In America, laws differ depending on the state.
その車の値段によって、決めます。
I will choose depending on the price of that car.
国によって、いろいろな伝統があります。
There are a variety of traditions depending on the country.
調査によって新たな事実が明らかになった。
Through research, a new truth was discovered.
納豆が好きかどうかは人による。
It depends on the person whether they like natto or not.
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