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Grammar JLPT Level N4 - Lesson 2

Structure of 等(ら):

Pronoun +

Details about 等(ら):

There are many prefixes and suffixes in Japanese that are used depending on what the speaker wants to highlight. is a suffix (component used after the main part of a word) that implies that there is 'more than one' of something. Due to this, is often called a 'pluralizing suffix'. comes from the same kanji as (など), and the literal meaning is closer to '(A) etc'.
This 'etc' is where the implication of 'more than one' originates. To use , attach it to the end of any pronoun.
  • (かれ)日本語(にほんご)勉強(べんきょう)
    They came in order to study Japanese.
  • (まえ)、アニメ()ないの?
    You guys don't watch anime?
等(ら)

Usage Notes for 等(ら):

Because has a literal meaning that is close to '(A) etc', or '(A) and so on', it may sometimes be considered a bit rude (due to being dismissive). Because of this, it is recommended to not use this suffix in relation to people, unless it is absolutely essential to indicate plural. In most cases, (たち) will be a far better choice.

Synonyms for 等(ら):

Example of 等(ら)

(かれ)十分(じゅうぶん)勉強(べんきょう)したから試験(しけん)簡単(かんたん)だった

They studied sufficiently, so the test was easy.

これ()ててください

Could you please toss these?

それ(たたみ)いい(にお)いがしている

Those tatami mats smell good.

(きみ)(いけ)(はい)つもり

Do you all intend to go swimming in the pond?

(やつ)はプロ

They are pros.

Grammar same lesson

にくい

Difficult to, Hard to
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だが

But, Still, However, Nevertheless
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だけで

Just by, Just with
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なくて (Reasons and Causes)

Not ~ and, Not so, Because not (Examples)
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ないで

Without doing, Not ~ and ~
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