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Grammar JLPT Level N5 - Lesson 8

Structure of う-Verb (Past):

Examples:
(すわ) + った
(うた) + った
() + った

(ある) + いた
(およ) + いだ

() + んだ
() + んだ
(やす) + んだ

(はな) + した

Exceptions:
()く → ()った
するした
くるきた
()う → ()うた
()う → ()うた

Details about う-Verb (Past):

To make the past form of a う-Verb in Japanese, just like all other conjugations of う-Verbs, you will need to change the last kana, before adding the auxiliary verb た (casual), or ました (polite). This change in kana is a bit different to other conjugations of う-Verbs, so let's take a look at them for the casual form.
  • 5キロ(はし)った。5キロ(はし)ました
    I ran 5 kilometers. (Example of a verb ending in る)
  • (あたら)ペン()った(あたら)ペン()ました
    I bought a new pen. (Example of a verb ending in う)
  • 昨日(きのう)(えき)(ふん)()った昨日(きのう)(えき)(ふん)()ました
    I waited for 5 minutes at the station yesterday. (Example of a verb ending in つ)
  • ノート名前(なまえ)()いた。ノート名前(なまえ)()ました
    I wrote my name on the notebook. (Example of a verb ending in く)
  • テイラー(いけ)(およ)いだ。テイラー(いけ)(およ)ました
    Taylor swam in the pond. (Example of a verb ending in ぐ)
  • 去年(きょねん)、ペット金魚(きんぎょ)()んだ去年(きょねん)、ペット金魚(きんぎょ)()ました
    My pet goldfish died last year. (Example of a verb ending in ぬ)
  • 冷蔵庫(れいぞうこ)台所(だいどころ)(はこ)んだ冷蔵庫(れいぞうこ)台所(だいどころ)(はこ)ました
    I carried the refrigerator to the kitchen. (Example of a verb ending in ぶ)
  • (にわ)フェンス(かこ)んだ(にわ)フェンス(かこ)ました
    I surrounded my yard with a fence. (Example of a verb ending in む)
  • 電気(でんき)()した電気(でんき)()ました
    I turned off the lights. (Example of a verb ending in す)
As can be seen in these examples, the changes consist of った, いた, いだ, んだ, した (the same as the changes for て form, but using た instead). For the conjugations using だ in place of た, this is simply a sound change in the language that happened over the course of history, to make words easier/smoother to say. It is not the auxiliary verb .
For the polite past form of う-Verbs, the change in sound is far more consistent. This only requires a change from the う sound, to the い sound within the same column (from う to い, or from く to き, for example).
  • (あたら)漢字(かんじ)(なら)ました
    I learned a new kanji.
  • (くるま)(うご)ました
    The car moved.
When た is added to verbs (or any other word), it can have one of three possible meanings.
Past: 過去(かこ) - Happened at some point in the past. (Did/Was)
Completion: 完了(かんりょう) - An action that has finished 'happening'. (Done)
Continuation: 存続(そんぞく) - A new state of something that is continuing. (Has been done)
  • 昨日(きのう)、カラオケ(うた)(うた)った
    I sang a song at karaoke yesterday. (An example of past)
  • (いま)、コーヒー(たの)んだ
    I ordered coffee (just) now. (An example of completion)
  • ()った自転車(じてんしゃ)(こわ)
    The bike I rode broke, and is still broken. (An example of continuation)
う-Verb (Past)

Usage Notes for う-Verb (Past):

With う-Verbs, there are a few verbs that are exceptions to the regular conjugation rules. Please check the structure guide for these.

Synonyms for う-Verb (Past):

る-Verb (Dictionary)
る + ます (Ichidan Verbs)
う-Verb (Dictionary)
う + ます (Godan Verbs)
る-Verb (Negative)
Will/Does/Do (not)
Verb + て
And, Then (Linking events)
だった・でした
Was, Were (Past tense)
ていた
Was doing ~

Example of う-Verb (Past)

昨日(きのう)(ほん)()んだ
昨日(きのう)(ほん)()みました

I read a book yesterday.

牛乳(ぎゅうにゅう)()んだ
牛乳(ぎゅうにゅう)()みました

I drank milk.

ロンドン()んだ
ロンドン()びました

I flew to London.

(わたし)たちチーム()った
(わたし)たちチーム()ました

Our team won!

メアリー日本(にほん)(かえ)った
メアリー日本(にほん)(かえ)りました

Mary returned to Japan.

Grammar same lesson

る-Verb (Past)

る - Verbs (Past tense)
See detailsreport

がある + (Noun)

Noun (B) that has Noun (A), Noun (B) with Noun (A)
See detailsreport

嫌(きら)い

Dislike, Not fond of
See detailsreport

好(す)き

Like, Fond of
See detailsreport

する

To do, To make into
See detailsreport
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